Oral Cancer refers to cancer that develops in the tissues of the mouth or throat. It is a type of head and neck cancer and can occur on the lips, tongue, cheeks, floor of the mouth, hard and soft palate, sinuses, and throat. Early detection is critical for effective treatment. Below is some key information about oral cancer:

 

Causes and Risk Factors

1. Tobacco Use: Smoking cigarettes, cigars, pipes, or using smokeless tobacco like chewing tobacco and snuff.

2. Alcohol Consumption: Heavy alcohol use increases the risk, especially when combined with tobacco use.

3. HPV (Human Papillomavirus): Certain strains of HPV, particularly HPV-16, are linked to oral cancers.

4. Sun Exposure: Prolonged exposure to sunlight can increase the risk of lip cancer.

5. Poor Oral Hygiene: Chronic irritation from poorly fitted dentures or sharp teeth can be contributing factors.

6. Diet: A diet low in fruits and vegetables may increase the risk.

 

Symptoms

• Persistent mouth sores or ulcers that do not heal.

• A lump or thickening in the cheek.

• White or red patches in the mouth.

• Difficulty chewing, swallowing, or speaking.

• Persistent sore throat or a feeling that something is caught in the throat.

• Unexplained weight loss.

• Pain or numbness in the mouth or lips.

• Loose teeth or poorly fitting dentures.

 

Diagnosis

1. Physical Examination: A doctor or dentist checks for lumps, sores, or discoloration.

2. Biopsy: Tissue sample is taken for analysis.

3. Imaging Tests: CT scans, MRIs, or X-rays to determine the spread of the disease.

4. Endoscopy: A flexible tube with a camera to examine the throat and larynx.

 

Treatment Options

1. Surgery: Removal of the tumor and affected tissues.

2. Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays are used to kill cancer cells.

3. Chemotherapy: Drugs are used to destroy cancer cells.

4. Targeted Therapy: Focuses on specific molecules involved in cancer growth.

5. Rehabilitation: Includes speech therapy and reconstructive surgery if needed.

 

Prevention

• Avoid tobacco and limit alcohol consumption.

• Practice good oral hygiene.

• Use sunscreen on lips and avoid excessive sun exposure.

• Eat a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables.

• Get vaccinated against HPV.

• Regular dental check-ups for early detection.